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Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO)

Latest version:
http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO
Authors:
Cheshta Arora
Debarun Sarkar
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Cite as:
Cheshta Arora, Debarun Sarkar. Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO).
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO) is a proof-of-concept ontology built to operationalise relational AI ethics. For heuristic reasons, the ontology is limited to three domains: education, economic empowerment, inclusion and exclusion. RelAIEO was made to build a tool named Audit4SG which allows the generation of customisable auditing methodologies to audit claims of ethical AI, particularly AI systems claiming to be artificial intelligence for social good (AI4SG).

Introduction back to ToC

The ontology development process was led by two anthropologists/sociologists. A systematic literature review of two fields, AI4SG and relational AI ethics, was conducted. Following this, a scoping review of the three domains, education, economic empowerment, and equality and inclusion, was also conducted. A set of competency questions were developed to determine the scope of the ontology. As the ontology was built for a tool, Audit4SG, the competency questions were the same as the auditing questions that the tool covers. Step 1 and 2 of the UPON Lite methodology was followed, but the latter steps, which required working with ontology engineers, were discarded. Instead, Protégé was used to develop the ontology with the aid of visualisation plugins like VOWL.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
RelAIEO<http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#>
[Ontology NS Prefix]<http://www.semanticweb.org/c/ontologies/2023/2/Audit4SG#>
aexp<http://aexpectontology.protect.linkeddata.es/def/aexp#>
ateo<http://ateontology.protect.linkeddata.es/def/ateo#>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
inter<http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#inter/>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO): Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Annotation Properties

Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO): Description back to ToC

Building on relational approaches, RelAIEO radically holds onto the open-world assumption and stresses the semantic part of the semantic web. The ontology is a partial and abstract view of reality and does not claim any exhaustibility of representation or relationships.

Cross-reference for Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO) classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Relational AI Ethics Ontology (RelAIEO).

Classes

academic fundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#academic_funding

Funding received from an institute of higher education. This type of funding often has a strong research component.
has super-classes
type of funding c

academic institutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#academic_institution

Refers to Institutes of higher education such as universities, colleges, research institutes or schools.
has super-classes
type of organization c

achieve sdg goalsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#achieve_sdg_goals

When the design of an AI system is explicitly driven by the motivation to contribute to the UN's sustainable development goals.
has super-classes
design motive c

action researchc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#action_research

A qualitative, post-positivist research approach that is conducted with the intention to transform or intervene for emancipatory purposes. It's meant to be cyclical, collaborative and iterative.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

activistc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#activist

A type of user who is actively involved in mobilizing a community for a social or political cause.
has super-classes
equality end user c

actorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#actor

Any human or nonhuman entity that is capable of action and influencing the network.
has sub-classes
human c, non human c
is in range of
has actor op

affordancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#affordance

That aspect of a socio-technical system that offers possibilities for action. These are either intended or unintended possibilities.
is in domain of
manipulate op
is in range of
HasAffordances op, can generate op

ai systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ai_system

A socio-technical system that uses some aspect of artificial intelligence to complete a task or achieve a goal..
is in domain of
has op, has expectation op, used in op
is in range of
has impact op

ai4sgc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ai4sg

Refers to ideas/discourse that emphasise upon the use, development and deployment of AI systems for social good.
is in domain of
has actor op, has domain op
is in range of
used in op

angel and venture investmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#angel_and_venture_investment

Angel investment involves personal investment made by high-net-worth individuals or a group of individuals either informally or through social networks. These investors invest their own money to provide early-stage funding in exchange for financial and non-financial returns. They sometimes play an active role in the business either as advisors or members of the board of directors. Venture capital firms invest in startup companies and emerging businesses that are focused on developing and advancing artificial intelligence technologies, products, or services.
has super-classes
type of funding c

appropriate scalec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#appropriate_scale

An ethical parameter that is conscious of the constructed nature of the scales ie.e scales such as local, global, national etc are not given but constructed.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

artisticc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#artistic

A design motive that foregrounds the aesthetic considerations over and above everything else in its design of an AI system.
has super-classes
design motive c

biasc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#bias

When the results of an AI system are systemically prejudiced due to both accounted or unaccounted assumptions in the machine learning process.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

bigdata analysisc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#bigdata_analysis

A method of data analysis that detects trends, patterns, and correlations in large amounts of data.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

borrowerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#borrower

A type of user that receives money, assets, or services on credit from another individual, organization or the bank.
has super-classes
economic end user c

care ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#care_ethic

A type of ethical framework that prioritizes the relationship of care especially with those who are vulnerable.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

case studyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#case_study

A type of qualitative and/or quantitative research method that engages in an indepth study of one or small number of individuals, groups or events.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

case workerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#case_worker

A case worker is a professional who assesses, advocates, and provides support to individuals or families in need, coordinating resources and services to address their specific circumstances and improve their well-being.
has super-classes
equality end user c

censorshipc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#censorship

A type of risk where either an indiviual or a group is not allowed to express an opinion or share information.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

co designc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#co-design

A type of research method where knowledge/or an artefact is coconstructed with the individual, group or community that has stakes in the knowledge/artefact being produced.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

coaching centrec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#coaching_centre

Private institutes that offer educational or training services outside of the schol system.
has super-classes
education user c

community philanthropyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#community_philanthropy

A type of funding where members of the community pool their personal resources to fund an enterprise or a socio-technical system that is expected to provide mutual benefits.
has super-classes
type of funding c

corporate fundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#corporate_funding

A type of funding where a company funds an AI system in exchange of deriving future benefits from the system.
has super-classes
type of funding c

critical discourse analysisc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#critical_discourse_analysis

An interdisciplinary analytical approach that interrogates how texts, symbols, and language construct what's considered right and wrong, or how objects, bodies and relations are made sense of.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

crowdfundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#crowdfunding

A type of funding where an idea is pitched to a larger number of individuals who are asked to contribute small amounts to finance a project.
has super-classes
type of funding c

customerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#customer

An individual or a group whose purchase of goods and services is mediated by an AI system.
has super-classes
economic end user c

datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#data

Data are the basic individual items of numeric or other information, garnered through observation; but in themselves, without context, they are devoid of information.
has sub-classes
personal non personal c
is in domain of
can cause op, can generate op

data as livelyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#data_as_lively

A type of approach that emphasises the dynamic nature of data
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c

data justicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#data_justice

A design intention with an aim to advance access or use of data to nurture egalitarian relations in the society.
has super-classes
design motive c

defamationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#defamation

A form of text/speech that uses false information to injure a group or an individual's reputation.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

deliberative forumsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#deliberative_forums

A type of research method that facilitates "extended discussions taking place over two or three days, in which the participants are able to play the leading role in deciding the issues to be discussed and how they are approached" (Taylor-Gooby et al., 2018).
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

deontological ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#deontological_ethic

A rule-based, normative ethical framework that insists upon actions as being morally right or wrong.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

designc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#design

A deliberate and systematic process of creating, structuring, and planning the system's architecture, functionality, user interfaces, and algorithms to achieve specific goals, optimize performance, enhance user experience, and ensure ethical and responsible behavior in accordance with user needs and intended applications. AI system design encompasses various aspects, including data collection, algorithm development, user interaction, and ethical considerations.
is in domain of
has op, influenced by op
is in range of
has op

design justicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#design_justice

A design intention with an aim to advance equitable design processes and just design outcomes
has super-classes
design motive c

design motivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#design_motive

Design ideas, principles or claims that motivate the design of an AI system.
has sub-classes
achieve sdg goals c, artistic c, data justice c, design justice c, disruptive c, market oriented c, paternalist c, solve social problem c, technocracism c
is in range of
influenced by op

deskillingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#deskilling

One of the harms of AI whereby previous skills of workers are made redundant by introducing machine or technologies into the workplace.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

developerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#developer

An individual or a group that programs or codes the AI system.
has super-classes
human c
is in domain of
has type op
is disjoint with
funder c, user c

developer as active practitionerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#developer_as_active_practitioner

An ethical relation that redefines the role of a developer as active practitioner and sense-maker.
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c

dishonest anthropomorphismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#dishonest_anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism refers to a tendency to think of non-human agents and actors in human likeness, terms and/or forms.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

disruptivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#disruptive

A market intervention that disrupts existing business networks or creates a new market niche to generate value.
has super-classes
design motive c

domainc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#domain

Broader areas such as healthcare, education, finance etc. within which AI systems are being used and deployed. Each domain has unique challenges and use-cases vis-à-vis AI systems.
has sub-classes
economic empowerement c, education c, equality and inclusion c
is in range of
cut across op, has domain op

economic empowerementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#economic_empowerement

One of the AI4SG domains that aims to use AI to improve access to economic tools for social good.
has super-classes
domain c

economic end userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#economic_end_user

A type of economic end user who is negatively affected by an AI system
has super-classes
end user c
has sub-classes
borrower c, customer c, farmer c, immigrant c, unbanked c, unemployed c, worker c

economic userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#economic_user

A user of an AI system who is not negatively affected by the use of an AI system.
has super-classes
user c
has sub-classes
financial institutions c

ed tech platformc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#EdTech_platform

An edtech platform refers to a digital environment or software system designed to facilitate teaching, learning, and educational activities over the internet.
has super-classes
education user c

educationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#education

One of the AI4SG domains that aims to use AI to improve access to education.
has super-classes
domain c

education end userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#education_end_user

A type of education end user who is negatively affected by an AI system
has super-classes
end user c
has sub-classes
parent c, student and learner c, teacher and educator c

education userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#education_user

A type of education user that uses AI system to deliver its services.
has super-classes
user c
has sub-classes
coaching centre c, ed tech platform c, policy maker c, school c, university and college c

end userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#end_user

Users who are affected by the system and depend on users and developers.
has super-classes
human c
has sub-classes
economic end user c, education end user c, equality end user c

environmental impactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#environmental_impact

A type of risk where the hardware and energy required to build and maintain AI system has negative impacts on the environment.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

equality and inclusionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#equality_and_inclusion

One of the domains of AI4SG that aims to use an AI system to improve social equality and cohesion.
has super-classes
domain c

equality end userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#equality_end_user

A type of equality user who is negatively affected by the use of an AI system.
has super-classes
end user c
has sub-classes
activist c, case worker c, group c
is in domain of
cut across op

equality userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#equality_user

A type of equality user who is not negatively affected by the use of an AI system.
has super-classes
user c
is in domain of
has type op

equityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#equity

An ethical parameter that pivots upon the values of fairness and equality.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic

A set of moral principles that guide human behavior, that help distinguish between right and wrong based on personal values, societal norms, and political necessities.
has sub-classes
ethical assessment c, ethical parameter c, ethical theories c, ethics manipulation c

ethic bashingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic_bashing

Tendency to trivialize ethics as a mode of inquiry
has super-classes
ethics manipulation c

ethic dumpingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic_dumping

A type of unethical risk wherein researchers conduct prohibitive research in low-income countries or settings which have loose regulatory frameworks.
has super-classes
ethics manipulation c
is disjoint with
ethic lobbying c, ethic shirking c, ethic shopping c, ethic washing c

ethic lobbyingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic_lobbying

A type of unethical risk wherein private actors (are at least suspected to) try to use self-regulation about the ethics of AI in order to lobby against the introduction of legal norms, or in favour of their watering down or weakening their enforcement, or in order to provide an excuse for limited compliance (Floridi 2019).
has super-classes
ethics manipulation c
is disjoint with
ethic dumping c, ethic shirking c, ethic shopping c, ethic washing c

ethic shirkingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic_shirking

An ethical malpractice of applying double standards in moral evaluations.
has super-classes
ethics manipulation c
is disjoint with
ethic dumping c, ethic lobbying c, ethic shopping c, ethic washing c

ethic shoppingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic_shopping

The malpractice of choosing, adapting, or revising (“mixing and matching”) ethical principles, guidelines, codes, frameworks, or other similar standards (especially but not only in the ethics of AI), from a variety of available offers, in order to retrofit some pre-existing behaviours (choices, processes, strategies, etc.), and hence justify them a posteriori, instead of implementing or improving new behaviours by benchmarking them against public, ethical standards (Floridi 2019).
has super-classes
ethics manipulation c
is disjoint with
ethic dumping c, ethic lobbying c, ethic shirking c, ethic washing c

ethic washingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethic_washing

The malpractice of making unsubstantiated or misleading claims about, or implementing superficial measures in favour of, the ethical values and benefits of digital processes, products, services, or other solutions in order to appear more digitally ethical than one is (Floridi 2019).
has super-classes
ethics manipulation c
is disjoint with
ethic dumping c, ethic lobbying c, ethic shirking c, ethic shopping c

ethical assessmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ateontology.protect.linkeddata.es/def/ateo#ethical_assessment

Ethical assessment involves evaluating actions, decisions, or policies to determine their moral implications and adherence to ethical principles, ensuring responsible and conscientious conduct in various domains.
has super-classes
ethic c
is in domain of
based on op, is about op

ethical parameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethical_parameter

A single characteristic of a larger framework.
has super-classes
ethic c
has sub-classes
appropriate scale c, equity c, explainability c, fairness c, justice c, non discrimination c, non human autonomy c, relevance c, respects privacy c, responsibility c, transparency and trust c

ethical theoriesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethical_theories

A framework that helps decide the most just and ethical course of action.
has super-classes
ethic c
has sub-classes
care ethic c, deontological ethic c, feminist ethic c, information ethic c, postcolonial ethic c, relational ethic c, speculative ethic c, utilitarianism c, virtue ethic c
is in domain of
has impact op
is in range of
based on op

ethico political carec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethico_political_care

A redefinition of care ethics that asks how ethical aspirations to ‘do good’ are entangled in politically charged care practices that are ‘ambivalent, contextual, and relational’ (Martin et al. 2015: 631) and can be fraught with histories of sexism, racism, capitalism and colonialism (Murphy 2015).
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c
is in domain of
ask op
is disjoint with
intelligence as emergent c, transparency as performativity c

ethics as politicalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethics_as_political

"To rethink ethics in a broader manner via engaged epistemology in a way that puts the needs and welfare of the most impacted and marginalized at the center.” (Birhane 2021).
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c

ethics manipulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethics_manipulation

A type of malpractice that uses the vocabulary of ethics to achieve unfair, inequitable, unjust goals.
has super-classes
ethic c
has sub-classes
ethic bashing c, ethic dumping c, ethic lobbying c, ethic shirking c, ethic shopping c, ethic washing c
is in range of
manipulate op

ethnographic researchc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ethnographic_research

A type of qualitative method that uses fieldwork to undertake an indepth study of a particular phenomenon, group or society.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

exclusionary normc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#exclusionary_norm

A type of risk wherein the use of AI disproportionately excludes or discriminates against certain individuals or groups,
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

expectationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://aexpectontology.protect.linkeddata.es/def/aexp#expectation

Is it some action/process/ that could happen (belief).
is in range of
has expectation op

explainabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#explainability

One of the ethical parameters that insist on the need to make the decision making of AI systems human-understandable.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

fairnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#fairness

An ethical parameter that aims to remedy or prevent wrongful harms resulting from biased algorithmic outputs.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

farmerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#farmer

A person or a collective engaged in agriculture activities.
has super-classes
economic end user c

feminist ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#feminist_ethic

An ethical framework that seeks to address and rectify traditional ethical theories' historical androcentrism (male-centered focus) by promoting values such as equity, justice, and empathy, with a particular emphasis on the experiences and concerns of women and marginalized gender groups.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

financial institutionsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#financial_institutions

Financial institutions are organizations that provide a wide range of financial services to individuals, businesses, and governments. These services typically include banking, lending, investment, and insurance activities.
has super-classes
economic user c

focus groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#focus_group

A type of research method that brings together a small group of people to answer questions in a moderated setting.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

for profitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#for_profit

A type of organization that operates on for-profit basis.
has super-classes
type of organization c

for whom?c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#for_whom?

A question situated in the ethical-political practice of care that critically evaluates what it means to care and how the object that is to be taken care of is constructed, presented, and studied.
has super-classes
question c
is disjoint with
how to care? c, what for? c, who cares? c, why care? c

funderc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#funder

A type of actor that provides financial support to the team developing the AI system.
has super-classes
human c
is in domain of
give funding op, has type op
is disjoint with
developer c, user c

government agencyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#government_agency

A government agency is a specialized organization established and funded by a government to perform specific functions, tasks, or services, often related to regulation, administration, or public service delivery.
has super-classes
type of organization c

government fundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#government_funding

A type of funding offered by state or national agency, ministry from the public funds.
has super-classes
type of funding c

groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#group

A collection of individuals who are members of a group based on their identity, ideas, beliefs or practices.
has super-classes
equality end user c

hate speechc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#hate_speech

A type of speech that aims to exacerbate polarization in the society.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

how to care?c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#how_to_care?

"A question situated in the ethical-political practice of care that critically evaluates the practice of caring and start from an understanding that "what care can mean in each situation cannot be resolved by ready-made formulas"."
has super-classes
question c
is disjoint with
for whom? c, what for? c, who cares? c, why care? c

humanc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#human

Type of actor identified as human
has super-classes
actor c
has sub-classes
developer c, end user c, funder c, user c

human machine relationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#human_machine_relation

Refers to the ways in which humans and machines interrogate and coproduce each other.
is in range of
is about op

identified harm riskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#identified_harm_risk

Negative impacts of AI systems that have been recognized so far.
has sub-classes
bias c, censorship c, defamation c, deskilling c, dishonest anthropomorphism c, environmental impact c, exclusionary norm c, hate speech c, inaccuracy c, inequality c, information disorder c, legal compliance c, new risks c, surveillance c, threat to privacy c, weakening of democracy c
is in range of
can cause op, critical of op

immigrantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#immigrant

A type of user who lives in a foreign country to settle as permanent residents.
has super-classes
economic end user c

inaccuracyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#inaccuracy

A type of harm ensuing from incorrect or misleading results, predictions, or information, potentially causing harm by leading to erroneous decisions, misinformation, or mistrust in the technology's reliability.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

inequalityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#inequality

Exacerbation or perpetuation of existing social, economic, or opportunity disparities by artificial intelligence systems.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

information disorderc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#information_disorder

Dissemination of false, misleading, or harmful information facilitated by artificial intelligence systems. It includes the generation, amplification, or manipulation of misleading content, leading to confusion, misinformation, and potentially harming individuals, society, or democratic processes.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

information ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#information_ethic

"Treats 'the world of data, information, and knowledge, with their relevant life-cycles, as a new environment, the infosphere, in which human beings, as informational organisms, may be flourishing.'"
has super-classes
ethical theories c

intelligence as emergentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#intelligence_as_emergent

Refers to the idea that intelligence is not innate or unique to humans but emerges in relations and varies from actor to actor.
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c
is disjoint with
ethico political care c, transparency as performativity c

inter/non governmentalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#inter/non-governmental

An entity created by a treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest.
has super-classes
type of organization c

interview and surveyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#interview_and_survey

A type of quantitative_qualitative method in which a researcher conducts structure, semi-structured or unstructured interviews with a representative sample of individuals or entities which is then collected and analysed.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

justicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#justice

Fair and equitable treatment of individuals and groups in the development, deployment, and impact of artificial intelligence systems.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

market orientedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#market_oriented

Certain design motivations that rely on the market to asses needs and solutions.
has super-classes
design motive c

material semiotic differencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#material_semiotic_difference

Differences among humans that are weaved together in both language and matter.
has super-classes
relational approach c

matter of concernc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#matter_of_concern

Disputable, shifting, contested, controversial state of affairs.
has super-classes
matters of c
is in range of
focus on op
is disjoint with
matter of fact c

matter of factc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#matter_of_fact

Something that is known to have happened or to exist, especially something for which proof exists, or about which there is empirical information.
has super-classes
matters of c
is disjoint with
matter of concern c

matter of interfacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#matter_of_interface

The ways in which different objects interface--meet, connect, relate communicate--with each other.
has super-classes
matters of c

matters ofc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#matters_of

Different ways in which things relate to each other.
has sub-classes
matter of concern c, matter of fact c, matter of interface c
is in range of
assembles op

methodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#method

Strategy employed to gather, analyze, and interpret data or information in order to answer specific questions or investigate phenomena.
has sub-classes
qualitative and qualitative c
is in range of
experiment with op

new risksc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#new_risks

Type of risk that is as yet unaacounted for and there are not social, legal or political safeguards against it.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

non discriminationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#non_discrimination

An ethical parameter that ensures that individuals or groups are not discriminated against by the AI system.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

non humanc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#non_human

All things, objects, entities, and processes which cannot be identified as human beings.
has super-classes
actor c

non human autonomyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#non_human_autonomy

Non-human autonomy as an ethical parameter refers to the capacity or degree of independence and decision-making authority granted to artificial intelligence, robots, or autonomous systems, while considering their potential impact, constraints, and responsibilities in relation to human society and values.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

not listedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#not_listed

An aspect of socio-technical system that is not part of this ontology.

parentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#parent

A parent is an individual who has given birth to or legally adopted a child and is responsible for their upbringing, care, and well-being.
has super-classes
education end user c

participatory designc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#participatory_design

A type of qualitative research method that includes research subjects as participants to shape and have stakes in the knowledge output.
has super-classes
qualitative and qualitative c

paternalistc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#paternalist

A form of decision-making or governance in which an authority figure or organization makes choices or enforces policies on behalf of others, believing that it is for their own good. Paternalism often involves restricting individual autonomy or freedom to protect individuals from harm, even if they may not agree with or prefer those decisions.
has super-classes
design motive c

personal non personalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#personal_non_personal

Data categories in GDPR that distinguish between personal and nonpersonal data. Personal data directly or indirectly relates to an identified or identifiable natural person. Non-personal data is all data which cannot be linked to an identifiable natural person.
has super-classes
data c

philanthrocapitalistc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#philanthrocapitalist

Financial contributions or donations provided by individuals, organizations, foundations, or corporations to support charitable, social, educational, cultural, or humanitarian causes.
has super-classes
type of funding c

policy makerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#policy_maker

An individual or entity responsible for shaping, developing, and implementing educational policies, regulations, and initiatives that impact educational institutions, practices, and systems.
has super-classes
education user c

postcolonial ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#postcolonial_ethic

Postcolonial ethics is a moral framework that addresses the ethical implications of colonial histories, emphasizing decolonization, cultural respect, and justice in the aftermath of colonialism.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

prospective transparencyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#prospective_transparency

Prospective transparency informs users about the data processing and the working of the system upfront. It describes how the AI system reaches decisions in general. Thus, prospective transparency can be seen as an accountability mechanism (Zerilli et al., 2018).
has super-classes
transparency and trust c
is disjoint with
retrospective tranparency c

qualitative and qualitativec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#qualitative_and_qualitative

Qualitative research, as defined here, is consequently a combination of two criteria: (i) how to do things –namely, generating and analyzing empirical material, in an iterative process in which one gets closer by making distinctions, and (ii) the outcome –improved understanding novel to the scholarly community. (Aspers & Corte, 2019). Quantitative: Emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon.
has super-classes
method c
has sub-classes
action research c, bigdata analysis c, case study c, co design c, critical discourse analysis c, deliberative forums c, ethnographic research c, focus group c, interview and survey c, participatory design c

questionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#question

An inquiry presented to seek information, clarification, or a response from someone.
has sub-classes
for whom? c, how to care? c, what for? c, who cares? c, why care? c
is in range of
ask op

redefined ethical parameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#redefined_ethical_parameter

Ethical parameters that have been redefined from relational perspectives.
has super-classes
relational approach c
has sub-classes
data as lively c, developer as active practitioner c, ethico political care c, ethics as political c, intelligence as emergent c, responsiblity as responseability c, transparency as performativity c
is in range of
redefine op

relational approachc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#relational_approach

Ethical parameters that have been redefined from relational perspectives
has sub-classes
material semiotic difference c, redefined ethical parameter c
is in domain of
assembles op, experiment with op, focus on op, redefine op, study of op
is in range of
has approach op

relational ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#relational_ethic

An ethical framework that centres relations between actors as site of ethical contestation and deliberation.
has super-classes
ethical theories c
is in domain of
critical of op, has approach op

relevancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#relevance

Consideration of the importance, significance, and appropriateness of information, decisions, or actions within a specific context. It ensures that ethical choices and actions are well-suited to address specific needs and concerns, promoting effectiveness and fairness.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

respects privacyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#respects_privacy

An ethical parameter that refers to the extent to which AI systems safeguard individuals' personal information, uphold their confidentiality, and ensure that data handling and processing align with established privacy norms, laws, and user consent.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

responsibilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#responsibility

The obligation of individuals, organizations, and developers involved in AI technologies to act ethically, transparently, and accountably throughout the AI lifecycle.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c

responsiblity as responseabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#responsiblity_as_responseability

Learn how to respond and what respond in the case of (non-human) means.
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c

retrospective tranparencyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#retrospective_tranparency

"Retrospective transparency, on the other hand, refers to post hoc explanations and rationales (Paal and Pauly, 2018). Retrospective transparency includes the notion of inspectability and explainability”
has super-classes
transparency and trust c
is disjoint with
prospective transparency c

schoolc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#school

A type of educational institution that provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers.
has super-classes
education user c

socio technical systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#socio_technical_system

What appears to be social is partly technical. What we usually call technical is partly social. In practice nothing is purely technical. Neither is anything purely social. And the same may be said for the economic, the political, the scientific, and all the rest.
is in domain of
HasAffordances op
is in range of
study of op

solve social problemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#solve_social_problem

A type of design-motive that prioritizes soliving one particular social problem with the help of an AI system.
has super-classes
design motive c

speculative ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#speculative_ethic

A type of ethical framework that moves away from 'if, then' ethical framing to 'what, if' focussing on how human-nonhuman relations are formed and contested in everyday.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

student and learnerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#student_and_learner

A student or learner refers to a person partaking in the process of acquiring new knowledge, skill. Today this most often takes place within a formal setting of educational institutions or informal settings of coaching institutes and edtech platforms or anywhere on the web.
has super-classes
education end user c

surveillancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#surveillance

A type of harm that can result in extensive, invasive, or unwarranted monitoring, data collection, and tracking of individuals or groups, potentially leading to privacy violations, discrimination, and social control.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

teacher and educatorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#teacher_and_educator

A teacher or an educator imparts knowledge or instructs in a classroom. The are also often involved in various other decision making of educational organisations and institutions across various scales and in various capacities from the classroom to the world.
has super-classes
education end user c

technocracismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#technocracism

Technocracism appears as a strategy for solving all problems of humanity with the help of techniques and technologies, as well as the appropriate ideology that justifies and distributes this strategy in society.
has super-classes
design motive c

technology companyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#technology_company

A tech company, short for technology company, is an organization that primarily focuses on developing, manufacturing, or providing products, services, or solutions related to information technology, electronics, software, or other advanced technologies, often for commercial purposes and innovation-driven markets.
has super-classes
type of organization c

think tankc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#think_tank

A think tank is a policy institute undertaking research and advocacy on social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture.
has super-classes
type of organization c

threat to privacyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#threat_to_privacy

A type of harms that poses a threat to person's personal data.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

transparency and trustc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#transparency_and_trust

One of the ethical parameters that insists that all stakeholders should be able to understand and trust the internal processes of the system.
has super-classes
ethical parameter c
has sub-classes
prospective transparency c, retrospective tranparency c

transparency as performativityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#transparency_as_performativity

Reinterpretation of transparency that foregrounds the wider frame and contextual social factors that determine the meaning and effect of transparency practices.
has super-classes
redefined ethical parameter c
is disjoint with
ethico political care c, intelligence as emergent c

type of fundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#type_of_funding

Different ways in which projects, ideas, and AI systesm are financed.
has sub-classes
academic funding c, angel and venture investment c, community philanthropy c, corporate funding c, crowdfunding c, government funding c, philanthrocapitalist c
is in range of
give funding op

type of organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#type_of_organization

Different kinds of organizations.
has sub-classes
academic institution c, for profit c, government agency c, inter/non governmental c, technology company c, think tank c, union c, venture capital firm c
is in range of
cut across op, has type op

unbankedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#unbanked

A population defined by their lack of legible trace within any formalized mode of credit practice.
has super-classes
economic end user c

unemployedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#unemployed

Individuals who are not currently employed.
has super-classes
economic end user c

unintended consequencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#unintended_consequence

Those effects of an AI system which were unintended but could have been anticipated in the design, deployment or use-case of the system.
is in range of
has op

unionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#union

An organization of workers that works towards maintaining or improving the working conditions of their members.
has super-classes
type of organization c

university and collegec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#university_and_college

A type of education consumer that is involved in higher education, academic research, and authorized to grant academic degrees.
has super-classes
education user c

userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#user

An individual or a group that uses the AI system.
has super-classes
human c
has sub-classes
economic user c, education user c, equality user c
is disjoint with
developer c, funder c

utilitarianismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#utilitarianism

A type of normative ethical framework that prescribes actions to be morally good if they maximize happiness for most people.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

venture capital firmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#venture_capital_firm

A type of financial intermediary that manages and invest pooled capital into high-risk, potentially high-reward projects by buying equity or equity-linked stakes in the firm.
has super-classes
type of organization c

virtue ethicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#virtue_ethic

A type of normative ethics that gives centrality to virtues or traits that are considered morally good. According to this framework, an action is ethical if it aligns with habits that are virtuous or morally good.
has super-classes
ethical theories c

weakening of democracyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#weakening_of_democracy

Refers to a scenario where AI systems weaken democratic norms such as a equality, distribution of power, freedom of expression, autonomy etc.
has super-classes
identified harm risk c

what for?c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#what_for?

A question situated in the ethical-political practice of care that critically evaluates the reasons for caring without assuming a moral stance.
has super-classes
question c
is disjoint with
for whom? c, how to care? c, who cares? c, why care? c

who cares?c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#who_cares?

A question situated in the ethical-political practice of care that critically evaluates the body that is represented as being in the position of care.
has super-classes
question c
is disjoint with
for whom? c, how to care? c, what for? c, why care? c

why care?c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#why_care?

A question situated in the ethical-political practice of care that critically evaluates the totalizing and normative effects of caring practices in favour of caring as provocation "that remains speculative by not letting a situation or a position—or even the acute awareness of pervasive dominations—define in advance what is or could be".
has super-classes
question c
is disjoint with
for whom? c, how to care? c, what for? c, who cares? c

workerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#worker

Any individual engaged in paid work.
has super-classes
economic end user c

Object Properties

askop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#Ask

has domain
ethico political care c
has range
question c

assemblesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#assembles

has domain
relational approach c
has range
matters of c

based onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#BasedOn

has super-properties
top object property
has domain
ethical assessment c
has range
ethical theories c

can causeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#CanCause

has super-properties
can op
has domain
data c
has range
identified harm risk c

can generateop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#CanGenerate

has super-properties
can op
has domain
data c
has range
affordance c

critical ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#CriticalOf

has domain
relational ethic c
has range
identified harm risk c

cut acrossop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#CutAcross

has domain
equality end user c
has range
domain c
type of organization c

experiment withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#ExperimentWith

has super-properties
top object property
has domain
relational approach c
has range
method c

focus onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#FocusOn

has domain
relational approach c
has range
matter of concern c

give fundingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#GiveFunding

has domain
funder c
has range
type of funding c

hasop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#Has

has sub-properties
HasAffordances op, has actor op, has approach op, has domain op, has expectation op, has impact op, has type op
has domain
ai system c
design c
has range
design c
unintended consequence c

has actorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasActor

has super-properties
has op
has domain
ai4sg c
has range
actor c

has approachop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasApproach

has super-properties
has op
has domain
relational ethic c
has range
relational approach c

has domainop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasDomain

has super-properties
has op
has domain
ai4sg c
has range
domain c

has expectationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasExpectation

has super-properties
has op
has domain
ai system c
has range
expectation c

has impactop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasImpact

has super-properties
has op
has domain
ethical theories c
has range
ai system c

has typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasType

has super-properties
has op
has domain
developer c
equality user c
funder c
has range
type of organization c

HasAffordancesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#HasAffordance

has super-properties
has op
has domain
socio technical system c
has range
affordance c

influenced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#InfluencedBy

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
design c
has range
design motive c

is aboutop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#IsAbout

has super-properties
top object property
has domain
ethical assessment c
has range
human machine relation c

manipulateop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#Manipulate

has domain
affordance c
has range
ethics manipulation c

redefineop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#Redefine

has domain
relational approach c
has range
redefined ethical parameter c

study ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#StudyOf

has domain
relational approach c
has range
socio technical system c

used inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontology.audit4sg.org/RelAIEO#UsedIn

has super-properties
top object property
has domain
ai system c
has range
ai4sg c

Annotation Properties

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#description

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/license

provocationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#provocation

referencesap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#references

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

version infoap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.